Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Molecular Interplay, Disease Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies: A Comprehensive Review
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction were intimately linked processes driving aging and numerous human diseases. Mitochondria generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) during energy metabolism; physiological ROS levels are vital for cell signaling and adaptation. However, excessive ROS damage mitochondrial DNA...