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A. Abimiku

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Review Open access Aug 2026

High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in three states of Nigeria from August to December 2022

Background Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) are among the first professionals significantly impacted by epidemics and pandemics. During the COVID-19 pandemic, HCWs had an increased risk of infection. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among Nigerian HCWs. Methods A cross-sectional study of 1,247 randomly selected HCWs, was conducted across seven healthcare facilities in Nigeria, from August 2022 through December 2022 (Epi week 31−51). This study had two parts: the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) survey and the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Healthcare cadres enrolled were nurses, laboratorians, doctors, and pharmacists who provided informed consent before enrollment. An antigen-based COVID-19 rapid diagnostic test was used to screen all HCWs at enrollment, and a SARS-CoV-2 Multi-Antigen IgG assay was used to test for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for the seroprevalence component of the study. Findings A total of 1,247 HCWs were enrolled 682 (54.6%) nurses, 286 (22.9%) laboratorians, 222(18.0%) doctors, and 57(4.5%) pharmacists. The majority HCWs were males (70.5%), lived in urban areas (90.2%), had tertiary education (64.0%), and were married (81.7%). The proportion of HCWs that used drugs or smoked was 0.2%. The seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2 amongst HCWs was 98.2% of which 80.6% where due to the Nucleocapsid protein and 17.6% due to the Spike protein. Nurses were three times more likely to be seropositive for COVID-19 than laboratorians (P < 0.05). Interpretation Our findings reveal a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among HCWs, especially among nurses. At the time of this study, half of the HCWs were unvaccinated for COVID-19. As frontline HCWs remain at increased risk of occupational exposure, this study highlights the need to strengthen infection prevention strategies, particularly vaccination and infection prevention and control measures, to protect the healthcare workforce.

N. Iriemenam, S. Osawe, O. Akanbi et al. · 0 citations
Open access Aug 2026

Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among pregnant women in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND Vaccine hesitancy is a serious public health problem that contributes to poor vaccine uptake with associated poor health outcomes among the population. This study assessed the level of hesitancy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination among pregnant women in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. METHODS A hospital-based cross-sectional study involving 104 pregnant women was conducted at a specialist hospital antenatal clinic. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was assessed using a 10-item tool. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were performed, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 30.3 y (standard deviation 6.3), with 49% ages 25-34 y. Most were married (96.2%), resided in urban areas (84.6%) and were employed (64.4%). About 72% of the participants had more than one child, were healthy (55.8%) and had no family members or friends who had been vaccinated against COVID-19 (70.2%). Overall, about 58% of the participants were hesitant regarding COVID-19 vaccine. Participants' parity, health status, social influence and negative perceptions towards vaccination influenced vaccine hesitancy. CONCLUSION Pregnant women were likely to be hesitant about the COVID-19 vaccines if they felt their health was good and had a family member who had received a COVID-19 shot. Public health efforts and education campaigns for pregnant women are needed to change their perception patterns to promote vaccination uptake and participation in vaccine trials.

S. Osawe, Y. Olasunkanmi, M. Salawu et al. · 0 citations