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2026

Assessing Urban Sprawl Sustainability through a Composite Compactness–Connectivity Index: Evidence from Erbil, Iraq

Urban sprawl, marked by low-density development, fragmented land use, and automobile-dependent growth, remains a critical barrier to sustainable urban planning. This study develops the Sprawl Centrality Index (SCI), a composite diagnostic tool that integrates spatial compactness with network connectivity to evaluat...

M. Amen, H. A. Nia, A. Ahmad · 1 citation

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