Diagnostic value of serum proenkephalin as a biomarker of renal dysfunction in Iraqi patients with chronic kidney disease
Objective: To evaluate serum proenkephalin (PENK) levels in Iraqi patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and examine its diagnostic performance and correlation with conventional renal function markers. Methods: This case-control study included 45 Iraqi patients with CKD stages 3–4 and 45 age- and sex-matched health...