Spatial transcriptomics identifies tumor-intrinsic and stromal programs associated with immune exclusion in NSCLC
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has reshaped the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet durable benefit remains limited to a subset of patients. One major pattern of resistance is immune exclusion, in which CD8+ T cells accumulate in stromal regions but fail to penetrate tumor nests. Here, using...