Protective Effects of Andrographis paniculata Extract on Nilem (Osteochilus vittatus) Spermatozoa During Low-Temperature Preservation: Physiological and Ultrastructural Evidence.
INTRODUCTION Nilem (Osteochilus vittatus) is a freshwater fish with considerable potential for aquaculture. However, information regarding the preservation of its spermatozoa remains limited. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Andrographis paniculata extract on sperm motility, viability, morpholog...