Role of cardiac ion pumps, channels, and exchangers on regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics.
Membrane ion pumps and channels are essential key players in intracellular function and communication with other cells, e.g., nutrient uptake and bioelectrical communication. The cation exchangers Na+, H+, Ca2+ and K+ do more than simply rebalance ions and maintain ion homeostasis; they play crucial roles in modulating...