Neurosurgical management of childhood-onset epilepsy in periventricular nodular heterotopia: A systematic review of effectiveness and outcomes.
Epilepsy associated with periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) frequently begins in childhood and often proves refractory to medication. Surgical management is challenging, as lesions are frequently deep-seated or bilateral, and seizure onset often involves networks extending beyond the heterotopic tissue itself,...