CpG-Adjuvanted Heplisav-B Induces Strong Th1-Biased Innate Responses Compared to Alum-Adjuvanted HBV Vaccines in PLWH 2308661
Alum-adjuvanted HBV vaccines such as Engerix-B offer limited protection for people living with HIV (PLWH), achieving only 35—70% seroprotection (as defined by HBsAb titers ≥10 mIU/mL). While Heplisav-B’s CpG 1018 adjuvant improves immunogenicity in PLWH, its mechanisms for overcoming HIV-related immune dysfunctio...