On the p-adic Wirsing problem
For a real transcendental number $\xi$, let $\omega_n^*(\xi)$ denote the supremum of all $\omega$ for which there exist infinitely many real algebraic numbers $\alpha$ of degree $\leq n$ satisfying $|\xi-\alpha|\leq H(\alpha)^{-\omega -1}$, where $H(\alpha)$ is the naive height of the minimal polynomial of $\alpha$. A celebrated result of Wirsing gives the uniform lower bound $\omega_n^*(\xi)\geq\frac{n+1}{2}$, which was improved significantly in a recent work of Po\"els to $\frac{n}{2-\log 2}$. In this paper, we establish a $p$-adic counterpart of Po\"els's result. Let $p$ be a prime and $\xi\in\Qp$ be transcendental. Let $\omega_{n,p}^*(\xi)$ be the supremum of all real numbers $\omega$ for which there exist infinitely many algebraic numbers $\alpha \in \Qp$ of degree $\leq n$ such that $|\xi-\alpha|_p\leq H(\alpha)^{-\omega -1}$. We show that $\omega^*_{n,p}(\xi)\geq\frac{n}{2-\log 2}-1$. This improves the known lower bounds in the $p$-adic setting, namely the analogue of Wirsing's theorem, due to Morrison and Teuli\'e.