Review
Open access
Sep 2026
Engineering controllable CAR T-cell therapies: from binary safety switches to programmable immunity
This review traces the conceptual evolution of CAR T-cell controllability from binary elimination towards platforms enabling graded, reversible, and spatiotemporally precise regulation, and proposes that the optimal next-generation CAR T product will integrate calibrated signalling, external control, and context-depend...
S. Smirnov, Yuriy Zaritskey, Galina Salogub et al.
· Frontiers in Immunology · 0 citations