Reduced graphene oxide-incorporated gelatin-oxidized polymannose scaffold-based 3D Lung cancer model for mimicking the tumor microenvironment
Objective The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in regulating cancer progression, metastasis, and therapeutic response. Conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture systems fail to accurately recapitulate the complex native TME, highlighting the need for physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) in...