Different bacteria, fungi, and algae have been reported to synthesize the biopolymer PHA; nonetheless, it is still possible to isolate effective wild-type bacteria that produce PHA. The many harsh settings may serve as possible habitats for bacteria that synthesize PHA. PHA is used in many different sectors, although its production costs are often extremely high. Process parameter optimization has long been recognized as a means of increasing PHA yield and manufacturing in large quantities. The traditional optimization approach focuses primarily on studying one element at a time and obscures the interactions between two or more factors that have an impact on output. Optimizing the carbon and nitrogen sources is necessary to increase PHA synthesis because medium components, pH, temperature, and agitation speed all have an impact on PHA production. When several parameters are taken into consideration, Plackett-Burman statistical modeling offers a novel method of sorting through the components and determining which ones are relevant. The response surface methodology functions as a robust approach to investigate and explore the independent and interactive effects of variables on PHA production. It is a highly effective and dependable statistical tool for evaluating the factors influencing PHA production.
A. Goswami, B. Singh· Progressive Agriculture· 0 citations
By introducing desirable traits into an existing genome while maintaining the plant’s genetic integrity, plant genetic engineering is an effective method for enhancing plants. The introduction of valuable genes encoding traits like disease/insect resistance, herbicide tolerance, enhanced nutritional/medical/commercial properties, improved uptake and utilization of growth agents, and many more traits has been accomplished through the genetic modification of a wide variety of plant species. For reasons discussed later in this chapter, the public’s perception of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is currently negative. However, it remains to be seen whether the advantages of reduced chemical use and improved nutritional aspects lead to a world with food security that is environmentally sustainable. Genetic engineering is especially important because grape is very heterozygous and standard breeding methods fail to produce true-to-type offspring. Grapes are also a commodity driven by consumers, and novel varieties, particularly wine cultivars, have little market acceptance. In order to produce indigenous genotypes with novel characteristics, technological breakthroughs like gene transfer must be utilized because vegetative propagation leaves little room for development.
A. Goswami, Bijendra Singh, R. P. Singh· Progressive Agriculture· 0 citations
