A. Info

Climate Variability and Dengue Dynamics: A Path Analysis in Surabaya, Indonesia

Introduction: Dengue fever is a climate-sensitive vector-borne disease. While many studies have documented associations between climate variables and dengue incidence, most rely on conventional regression approaches that fail to separate direct and indirect climatic pathways, limiting mechanistic understanding and utility for environmental health. This study aims to elucidate the interconnected effects of climatic variability on dengue incidence in Surabaya. This study integrates seasonal time-series decomposition and path analysis to distinguish direct and indirect climatic pathways, sunlight duration and wind speed. Methods: A retrospective ecological design, monthly dengue incidence data from 2020 to 2024 were integrated with meteorological variables, including rainfall, temperature, humidity, sunlight duration, and wind speed. Seasonal time-series decomposition was applied to characterize temporal dynamics, followed by path analysis within a structural equation modeling framework to quantify direct and indirect climatic effects. Results and Discussion: A pronounced seasonal pattern in dengue incidence, with peaks during the rainy season. Maximum temperature, relative humidity, sunlight duration, and minimum wind speed exerted significant direct effects on dengue incidence (p < 0.05). Rainfall showed no direct association but acted as a key upstream driver influencing other climatic variables. The structural model explained 52.1% of the variance in dengue incidence, highlighting the contribution of interconnected climatic processes. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that dengue dynamics in tropical metropolitan environments are governed by complex climate-mediated pathways rather than isolated climatic predictors. This study novel environmental epidemiological evidence to support climate-informed dengue early warning systems and adaptive vector control strategies under climate variability and urban environmental change.

Adaptive Leadership in Higher Education: Organizational Communication and Institutional Sustainability

This study examines the role of adaptive leadership in higher education and its relationship with organizational communication and institutional sustainability. A qualitative exploratory case study was conducted at STIE Ciputra Makassar, Indonesia. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, non-participant observation, and document analysis, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings show that adaptive leadership enables institutions to respond effectively to external changes such as regulatory shifts, technological development, and increasing competition in higher education. Leadership adaptability is reflected in flexible decision-making, contextual problem solving, and continuous organizational adjustment. Organizational communication plays a central role in strengthening adaptive leadership through open communication, consistent information flow, and participatory coordination among leaders, lecturers, and staff. The study further reveals that institutional sustainability is shaped not only by financial performance but also by academic quality, institutional reputation, and stakeholder trust. Adaptive leadership contributes to sustainability by enhancing organizational adaptability, supporting human resource development, and promoting data-driven decision-making. The results indicate that adaptive leadership, organizational communication, and institutional sustainability are interrelated and form an adaptive organizational system. In conclusion, adaptive leadership supported by effective organizational communication is a key factor in ensuring the sustainability of higher education institutions. This study contributes to leadership theory in higher education and offers practical implications for strengthening institutional resilience and competitiveness.

Production efficiency as a mediating mechanism linking financial management and agricultural institutions to farm profitability

This study examines how financial management and agricultural institutions are associated with farm profitability through production efficiency as a mediating mechanism. The unit of analysis is the individual farm business managed by food-crop farmers in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A quantitative explanatory design was used, and survey data from 150 farmers were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that financial management and agricultural institutions have positive and significant relationships with production efficiency, with path coefficients of 0.667 and 0.490, respectively. Production efficiency is also positively related to farm profitability (0.618), while the direct relationships of financial management (0.222) and agricultural institutions (0.203) with profitability remain significant but smaller than their mediated pathways. Bootstrapping results indicate significant indirect effects from financial management to profitability through production efficiency (0.412) and from agricultural institutions to profitability through production efficiency (0.303), confirming partial mediation. The model explains 64.3% of the variance in production efficiency and 75.3% of the variance in farm profitability. These findings suggest that managerial and institutional interventions are more likely to improve profitability when they are explicitly directed toward more efficient input use, cost control, and productivity improvement.

Identification of Weak Zones with Resistivity Values Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging in Bentiring Subdistrict, Bengkulu

The Legal Implications of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Evidence in Criminal Proceedings

This study examines the legal implications of artificial intelligence-generated evidence in criminal proceedings, focusing on evidentiary admissibility, due process protection, and regulatory accountability. Using a doctrinal legal research design combined with comparative legal analysis, the study analyzes legislation, judicial developments, policy documents, and academic literature concerning the use of AI-generated evidence across multiple jurisdictions. The findings reveal that existing evidentiary doctrines remain applicable but are increasingly challenged by algorithmic opacity, limited explainability, reliability concerns, and the emergence of synthetic media. The study further demonstrates that AI-generated evidence may affect defendants’ ability to challenge evidentiary claims, thereby creating potential risks to procedural fairness and fair trial rights. The novelty of this research lies in the development of an integrated normative framework that connects traditional evidentiary principles with contemporary AI governance standards. The study contributes to ongoing debates regarding the regulation of AI within criminal justice systems and provides practical recommendations for strengthening transparency, accountability, and procedural safeguards in the use of AI-generated evidence.

Smart Stimuli-Responsive Injectable Hydrogels for Precision Drug Delivery: Design, Mechanisms, and Emerging Applications

Smart stimuli-responsive injectable hydrogels are new generation of drug delivery systems that promise to revolutionize the field of drug delivery by combining the benefits of minimally invasive drug delivery systems with spatial and temporal control over drug release. This report aims to summarize the recent advances in the design of stimuli-responsive injectable hydrogels, including the polymer backbone, such as polysaccharide-derived hyaluronic acid, and synthetic poly(NIPAM), poly(PEG), and poly(zwitterionic)s, as well as the various cross-linking chemistries, including Schiff base, Michael addition, and physical cross-linking, that enable the design of injectable hydrogels that undergo a solution-to-gel transition in situ in response to various stimuli, such as pH, redox, enzymes, light, ultrasound, and temperature, among others. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current advances, mechanisms, and perspectives of smart stimuli-responsive injectable hydrogels, including their applications in oncology, ophthalmology, and neurology, as well as their successful outcomes in completely curing tumours, 75% tumour regression using a GSH-responsive peptide gel, and significant functional repair in spinal cord injury repairs using microenvironment-responsive matrices, among many other applications of injectable hydrogels in drug delivery systems. The translation of injectable hydrogels into the clinic, however, is currently hampered by the difficulties in long-term biocompatibility profiling, large-scale sterile production, and regulatory hurdles associated with combination drug products

RESEARCH ARTICLE Developing Critical Thinking, Self-Regulated Learning, and Academic Responsibility among Grade 5 Learners: A Qualitative Exploration of Classroom Practices in Potia Elementary School, Ifugao, Philippines