Open access
Oct 2026
The Gut-Brain Axis in Parkinson's Disease: From Clinical Observation toward Mechanism-Based Precision Medicine.
Gastrointestinal dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a core feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), affecting quality of life, nutrition, medication response, and potentially the earliest stages of pathogenesis. This perspective traces the evolution of the gut from a neglected source of non-motor symptoms to a centr...
F. Scheperjans, P. Borghammer, Ronald F. Pfeiffer et al.
· Movement Disorders · 0 citations