Hydrogel-Based Mechano-Immunomodulation in Bone Fracture Healing: Mechanical Regulation of Macrophage Phenotypes, Osteoimmune Interactions, and Regeneration.
Bone fracture healing is a meticulously regulated process encompassing the inflammatory, reparative, and remodelling phases. Macrophages serve as pivotal coordinators within this cascade, with their polarisation from pro-inflammatory M1 to proregenerative M2 phenotypes, which play a crucial role in determining the repa...