The Geotechnical and Biogeochemical Consequences of Soil Puddling in Lowland Rice Systems: A Comprehensive Review of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Transformations
Puddling, the mechanical manipulation of soil at saturated moisture levels, remains a cornerstone of traditional rice cultivation. This review synthesizes the multifaceted impacts of puddling on soil properties and its long-term agronomic consequences. Physically, the process leads to the collapse of soil aggregates an...