Review
Open access
Jun 2026
Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their precursors in biosolids across 15 U.S. states
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) draft sewage sludge risk assessment indicates that land application of biosolids containing as little as 1 ng/g of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) or perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) may exceed human health risk thresholds. This study provides updated measurements of per- and poly...
Xia-Yan Ye, A. Maroli, Santhoshi Chitthaluri et al.
· Environmental science and po... · 1 citation