Open access
Sep 2026
Coexistence, Oscillations, and Chaos in a Discrete Predator-Prey System with Fear-Modulated Prey Growth
Predator–prey interactions are governed not only by direct consumption but also by behavioral responses of prey to the perceived risk of predation. In this work, we formulate a discrete-time predator–prey model in which predator-induced fear modifies prey reproduction through an exponential suppression mechanism, while...
Sujay Goldar, Sk. Sarif Hassan, A. Mohsen et al.
· Mathematics · 0 citations