Antimicrobial Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Associated Genetic Determinants in Clinical Staphylococcus aureus Isolates: An Integrated Phenotypic and Genotypic Analysis
Background: Staphylococcus aureus remains a major clinical pathogen due to its ability to acquire antimicrobial resistance and develop biofilms that enhance survival during infection. The coexistence of resistance determinants and biofilm-associated mechanisms represents a significant challenge for effective treatment...