Extracellular vesicles of Anisakis simplex s. s. modulate inflammatory signaling and oxidative homeostasis in human intestinal epithelial cells.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by parasitic helminths are increasingly recognized as key mediators of host-parasite communication; however, their functional impact on human intestinal epithelial cells remains poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the immunomodulatory and redox-related effects of EVs secret...