Valorization of Biogenic Calcium-Rich Wastes as a Composite CaO Catalyst for Optimized Palm Kernel Oil Biodiesel Synthesis
Biodiesel is a sustainable alternative to petroleum diesel, but developing efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalysts remains challenging. This study investigated biodiesel production from crude palm kernel oil using a composite calcium oxide catalyst derived from waste eggshells and snai...