R&D expenditure and firm-level carbon emissions across firm life-cycle stages: Evidence from BRICS countries.
In this study, we examine the association between firm-level R&D expenditure, used as a general innovation input, and firm-level carbon emissions across life-cycle stages of listed non-financial firms in BRICS economies over 2000-2023. Using S&P Trucost firm-level carbon data matched with S&P Capital IQ Pro financial v...