Integrative molecular mechanisms of lodging resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) culms: from DELLA–OsGSK2–BZR1 signaling to cell wall engineering and QTL-based breeding
Rice lodging, permanent culm displacement from the vertical position, reduces grain yield and quality, potentially causing up to ~80% yield loss. Lodging resistance is a multifactorial trait shaped by stem morphology, internal anatomy, and cell wall chemistry. A central unresolved question in the field concerns the r...