Serum HMGB1 and TLR4 Levels in Pediatric Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: Associations and Preliminary Discriminatory Performance
Serum HMGB1 and TLR4 levels were associated with pediatric DRE and higher seizure frequency, supporting their potential role as exploratory inflammatory biomarkers, however, their modest specificity and the single-center cross-sectional design preclude their use as standalone diagnostic tests.