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Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence

A computationally efficient surrogate-activated spiking neural network (SSNet) for electricity theft detection (ETD) that employs leaky integrate-and-fire neurons with surrogate gradients to capture temporal patterns in discrete EC measurements while substantially reducing computational overhead compared with conventio...

Ubaid Ahmed, Ahsan Raza Khan, L. Kuhlmann et al. · 0 citations
Open access Jul 2026

Sum Rate Optimisation for IRS-Assisted VLC Systems with Time Delay Considerations Using Deep Q-Learning

A deep Q-Learning (DQL) framework for resource optimisation in intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS)-assisted VLC systems and results support the viability of learning-based, delay-aware optimisation for next-generation intelligent indoor VLC networks.

A. Hussen, Rashid Iqbal, A. Zoha et al. · 0 citations

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