A Web-Based Chatbot Intelligent Tutoring System to Support the Improvement of Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)
The improvement of technology has impacted significant changes to education, including mathematics learning, which often gives challenges, such as limited interaction and low student interest to learn. Advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have created new way to improve learning effectiveness. Therefore, this study focused on the development of an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) based on a chatbot incorporated into a web to support higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). The ITS used the pre-trained GPT-3.5 Turbo model to provide students with relevant, interactive responses. This study aimed to create more engaging, personalized, and effective learning media to help students understand mathematical concepts. The analysis used a Research and Development (R&D) methodology with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) development model. During the process, the subjects of the media trial were 24 junior high school students and five teachers from SMPN 6 Kota Bima. The results showed that the developed web-based ITS had 89% validity level, 84.42% practicality, and a media effectiveness of 70.83%. The values signified that the media was considered valid, practical, and effective. This shows that this chatbot has the potential to be an innovative solution to improve HOTS.