Abdelkader Nadjem

Hierarchical Grid-Forming Control and Hybrid Energy Management for Resilient Frequency Regulation in Low-Inertia Islanded Microgrids

The rapid penetration of converter-interfaced renewable generation has reduced effective inertia in islanded microgrids, making frequency regulation increasingly sensitive to renewable intermittency, generation outages, and storage stress. This paper proposes CMSA-OVSG–EMCS, a coordinated dual-layer control architectur...