Osteogenic priming of canine perivascular mesenchymal stromal cells enhances extracellular vesicle yield and in vitro activity for bone regeneration.
The therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is intrinsically linked to their response to the host microenvironment by the interplay with resident cells. While MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a promising cell-free alternative, optimizing their production and cargo for specific clinical ap...