Author

Ahmad Ghazali

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Open access Sep 2026

The Conditioning Role of Institutional Quality in Climate Policy Effectiveness: Evidence from Environmental Taxation, Green Innovation, and Trade Openness in the E7 Economies

This study examines how institutional quality conditions the effectiveness of environmental taxation, green technology innovation, and trade openness in shaping CO2 emissions in the E7 economies during 2001-2023. The analysis applies a PMG-ARDL framework supported by cross-sectional-dependence diagnostics, second-gener...

Muhammad Ashraf, Irsa Sharmeen, Ahmad Ghazali · International journal of man... · 0 citations

Open access Sep 2026

R&D expenditure and firm-level carbon emissions across firm life-cycle stages: Evidence from BRICS countries.

In this study, we examine the association between firm-level R&D expenditure, used as a general innovation input, and firm-level carbon emissions across life-cycle stages of listed non-financial firms in BRICS economies over 2000-2023. Using S&P Trucost firm-level carbon data matched with S&P Capital IQ Pro financial v...

Ahmad Ghazali, Mubashar Tanveer, Muhammad Ashraf et al. · Journal of Environmental Man... · 0 citations

Open access Sep 2026

Artificial Intelligence, Green Innovation, and Firm Performance: Evidence from Emerging Economies

There are two types of artificial intelligence (AI) – sector-specific and technological – that can contribute to environmental innovation, but each one is context-dependent. Firm-level data are analyzed for firms in selected BRICS Plus countries. The country coverage is based on 2024 technology classifications, 2020-20...

Ahmad Ghazali, Muhammad Ashraf, Ruqayya Mumtaz · Pakistan Journal of Commerce... · 0 citations