A Multi-Agent System for Negotiation-Based Electric Vehicle Charging in Semi-Connected and Non-Interconnected Power Grids
The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) introduces significant operational challenges to electric power grids, particularly in semi-connected and non-interconnected systems where monitoring and demand control capabilities are limited. Uncoordinated electric vehicle charging may increase peak demand and threaten grid stability. This paper proposes a negotiation-based multi-agent framework for managing EV charging while improving grid reliability and user satisfaction. The framework is implemented using the JADE multi-agent platform, where autonomous agents represent electric vehicle owners and parking lot operators. Parking lot agents generate dynamic pricing plans based on power demand levels and time-of-use tariffs, while electric vehicle agents submit charging requests according to arrival time, battery state, and user preferences. A call-for-proposal negotiation mechanism is used to generate mutually acceptable charging schedules between agents. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is evaluated through simulation studies based on a case study of the Palestinian power grid, characterized by semi-connected and non-interconnected network structures.