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Author

Ahmad Rafiki

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Review Open access Oct 2026

ESG and Profitability in the Palm Oil Industry: A Literature Review

Profitability is a key indicator of performance for oil palm plantation companies, but long-term profitability is increasingly influenced by their ability to manage environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risks and opportunities. This article presents a narrative literature review to develop an ESG-based sustainabi...

Alda Kartika, Ahmad Rafiki, M. A. Siregar · 0 citations

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