One health risk assessment of heavy-metal contamination in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from contrasting aquaculture systems in Egypt
In water-scarce Egypt, aquaculture relies on agricultural drainage water, raising health concerns. Water and Nile tilapia were sampled seasonally from four sites (drainage versus Nile freshwater). Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and mercury (Hg) were measured in water and fish tissues by ICP-MS and FAAS. Bioacc...