Transforming Higher Education Through AI-Driven Digital Learning: Sustainability and Student Readiness Perspectives
The recent rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICT) and accelerated expansion of online learning during the COVID-19 period have transformed the global education landscape. Digital learning represents one of the most significant transformations in higher education worldwide. This concept refers to the process of integrating digital and online technologies into education to enhance the learning experience. Thus, this conceptual paper explores digital learning, including its opportunities, challenges, and implications for higher education institutions, with specific attention paid to Malaysia. Using current literature, the paper discusses digital literacy, e-learning readiness, blended learning, and factors affecting successful implementation of digital learning. In particular, digital learning is seen as offering several opportunities, including improved flexibility, access, and collaboration, as well as increased student empowerment. The main challenges associated with implementing digital learning include technological infrastructure, the digital divide, students' readiness and self-regulation, and engagement. The paper proposes a conceptual framework that relates different dimensions of digital learning to academic performance and digital empowerment of students. In sum, the paper contributes to the growing literature on digital transformation in higher education.