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Author

Akash Kumar

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#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Flat Loss, Evolving Features: Grokking in Modular Addition

Can a network keep learning while its training cross-entropy stays nearly flat at a positive level? We show that it can. On modular addition, a standard testbed for grokking, ReLU networks trained with supported-Polar hidden updates, normalized output-layer updates and weight decay can keep 100% training accuracy while...

Akash Kumar, Karthik Sankaranarayanan · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Awakening of the Buddha: Subspace Learning During Population-Loss Plateaus

Population loss can remain nearly constant while a neural network learns a substantially more predictive representation. We establish this separation for two-layer ReLU and leaky-ReLU networks trained on Gaussian inputs by simultaneous fixed-step population gradient descent on all parameters. For structured additive te...

Akash Kumar · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Sep 2026

Can Representation Learning Decouple from Loss Minimization? Polar Updates Have an Answer

Does representation learning stop when the training loss stops improving? We study this question for matrix Muon, whose polar-normalised updates have a step length set by the gradient's rank rather than its norm. Near the edge of stability, full-batch Muon on teacher-student problems enters approximately period-2 loss...

Akash Kumar · 0 citations

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