Optimizing Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Cholangiography in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials on Dose, Timing, Route, Efficacy, and Safety
Background and Objectives: Near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography with indocyanine green (ICG) has been proposed as an adjunct for improving biliary anatomy recognition during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, uncertainty remains regarding its comparative efficacy, operative value, safety, and optimal route, d...