Review
Open access
Sep 2026
Urinary Biomarkers in Urological Oncology: From Biological Origin to Clinical Decision-Making—A Narrative Review
Urinary biomarkers are promising tools in urological oncology because urine can be collected non-invasively and repeatedly during diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance. Despite extensive biomarker discovery, their adoption in routine practice remains limited. Biomarker performance depends not only on analytical accura...
A. Nurmukhanbetova, K. Sultanbekov, K. Umurzakov et al.
· Diagnostics · 1 citation