Open access
Jul 2026
Design of an intelligent security system for cyber-attack detection in petrochemical SCADA networks based on a hybrid artificial neural network and Krill-Herd algorithm.
The results confirm that the proposed two-tier system detects reconnaissance and stealthy Modbus attacks with high accuracy and very low inference latency and can serve as a highly effective, intelligent tool in cyber defense against evolving threats in petrochemical industries.
Amir Mahdi Nozari, Masoud Dashtdar, Alireza Chamkoori
· Scientific Reports · 0 citations