Liquid biopsy has rapidly emerged as one of the most promising innovations in precision oncology by providing minimally invasive access to tumor-derived biomarkers throughout the clinical course of cancer. This review analyzes the current evidence regarding the clinical applications of liquid biopsy beyond early cancer detection, emphasizing its role in molecular profiling, therapeutic selection, treatment monitoring, minimal residual disease assessment, identification of resistance mechanisms, and evaluation of tumor heterogeneity in patients with solid tumors. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using major biomedical databases, selecting high-quality publications focused on circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, circulating RNA, and other emerging biomarkers. The available evidence demonstrates that circulating tumor DNA currently represents the most clinically validated biomarker because of its high analytical performance and increasing incorporation into precision oncology protocols. Liquid biopsy has shown particular utility in lung, colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers, where molecular information directly contributes to personalized treatment decisions. Nevertheless, several barriers continue to limit universal implementation, including high costs, limited molecular infrastructure, methodological variability, and unequal access to advanced genomic technologies, particularly in developing countries. Ongoing technological improvements, international collaboration, and methodological standardization are expected to further expand the clinical applications of liquid biopsy and facilitate its incorporation into routine oncology practice. Overall, liquid biopsy represents a transformative strategy that complements conventional tissue biopsy and supports more personalized, dynamic, and evidence-based management of solid tumors.
Ricardo Fernando, Rincón Veloz, A. Milena et al.· International science journa...· 0 citations
Fragility fractures have become one of the most significant health challenges associated with global population aging, generating substantial consequences for functional independence, healthcare systems, and quality of life. This review aimed to analyze the current scientific evidence regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, modern orthogeriatric management, and functional recovery of older adults sustaining fragility fractures. A structured literature review was conducted using international scientific databases and evidence-based clinical guidelines published by recognized organizations. The available evidence demonstrates that fragility fractures are multifactorial conditions resulting from the interaction of osteoporosis, sarcopenia, frailty syndrome, multimorbidity, nutritional deficits, and age-related physiological decline. Contemporary orthogeriatric care, based on multidisciplinary collaboration, Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, timely surgical management, individualized rehabilitation, nutritional optimization, osteoporosis treatment, and secondary fracture prevention, consistently improves mobility, functional independence, postoperative outcomes, and long-term quality of life. Early rehabilitation and coordinated follow-up through structured fracture prevention programs were also associated with lower complication rates and reduced risk of recurrent fractures. Furthermore, the findings emphasize the growing importance of integrating orthopedic surgery, geriatrics, rehabilitation medicine, nutrition, and preventive care into patient-centered management strategies. As demographic aging continues to accelerate worldwide, particularly in Latin America, strengthening orthogeriatric services and implementing evidence-based multidisciplinary models represent essential strategies for preserving autonomy, reducing disability, and improving long-term clinical outcomes among older adults with fragility fractures.
Nilmar Del Valle, Toro Arvelaiz, Diana Beatríz et al.· International science journa...· 0 citations
CRISPR has progressed from an experimental genome-engineering technology to a clinically relevant therapeutic platform, although its future impact will depend on the ability to combine molecular precision and durable therapeutic benefit with rigorous safety assessment, responsible governance, and equitable access across diverse populations and healthcare systems.
G. Alejandro, Ortega Moreno, G. Amaya et al.· International science journa...· 0 citations