Amin Gholami Davodi

Fractional-Order Temporal Dynamics of Tumour–Immune–Chemotherapy Interactions: A Reproducible Dimensionless Analysis and a Pharmacokinetic Caveat

Fractional differential equations are increasingly used to represent temporal memory in tumour–immune and pharmacokinetic models, but changing the derivative order without a consistent time scale can make comparisons difficult to interpret. We study a dimensionless, commensurate Caputo system for tumour, immune, normal...