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Efficacy of indigenous Lacticaseibacillus paracasei from dadih on growth performance, hepatoprotection, and economic efficiency in broilers challenged with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli

Background and Aim: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a major cause of colibacillosis in broiler chickens, leading to impaired growth, liver dysfunction, and substantial economic losses. Increasing restrictions on antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) due to antimicrobial resistance have intensified the search f...