Review
Open access
Aug 2026
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY, KETAMINE, AND OTHER PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACHES REGARDING NEUROBIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS IN TREATMENT RESISTANCE
Ketamine and ECT are non-competitive, complementary therapeutic tools, confirmed that TRD encompasses distinct endophenotypes, and increasing relapse rates over six months underscore the necessity of structured maintenance protocols.
Laura Alves Dutra, Anne Karolyne Alves Martins, Marina Camarão Oliveira et al.
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