WHF-VIO: Wave-Aware Height Factor for Robust Visual–Inertial Odometry of Unmanned Surface Vehicles
In global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-denied conditions, long-duration state estimation of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) is prone to drift accumulation, especially in the vertical direction where observability is weak over near-planar motions. To improve localization accuracy and robustness in water-surface e...