Open access
Sep 2026
A mucosal prime-systemic boost strategy using a glycoengineered bacterial membrane vesicle vaccine elicits protective mucosal immunity against pneumococci in mice.
Prime-boost vaccination using different administration routes may enhance protective immunity compared with homologous regimens. Here, we evaluated all eight possible three-dose combinations of intranasal (IN) and subcutaneous (SC) immunization using a glycoengineered membrane vesicle vaccine derived from probiotic Esc...
Ryoma Nakao, Hiroki Uchiyama, Takehiro Yamaguchi et al.
· Vaccine · 0 citations