Parametric design, multiphysics simulation, and experimental validation of a full-scale 3D-Printed gyroid eco-clay biophilic façade for hot-arid climates
Façades in hot-arid Gulf cities face compounding challenges of peak solar irradiance exceeding 1,050 Wh/m2 and potable-water scarcity that renders conventional pressurized green-wall irrigation systems economically and technically impractical. This study presents and experimentally validates the design-build lifecy...