Arif Rahman

Reconstructing Reflective-Habituative Islamic Pedagogy in Pesantren: Integrating Ta‘līm, Ta’dīb, and Ta‘wīd in the Formation of Santri Spirituality and Scholarly Ethos

Studies on pesantren education generally treat kitab instruction, adab, habituation, discipline, and ta‘zīr as separate themes. Consequently, the mechanisms that connect knowledge, habituation, corrective practices, and students’ awareness have rarely been formulated within a unified pedagogical framework. This article...