Adaptive respiratory bypass restores oxidative metabolism in NADH dehydrogenase-deficient Escherichia coli
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is central to the cellular redox network and continuously cycles between its oxidized (NAD⁺) and reduced (NADH) forms. Membrane-bound NADH dehydrogenases are the primary NADH-oxidizing enzymes and principal entry point for reducing equivalents into the bacterial respiratory chain. Whil...