Review
Open access
Aug 2026
Emerging serum and urine biomarkers for non-invasive detection, risk stratification and prognostic assessment of prostate cancer: a systematic review
Serum and urine protein biomarkers may complement PSA-based testing to improve non-invasive PCa detection and risk stratification, thereby minimising PSA-associated overdiagnosis and avoiding unnecessary biopsies.
O. Nnaemeka, N. C. Che Roos, Armania Nurdin
· African Journal of Urology · 0 citations