Hydroponic crop production in smart greenhouses requires accurate nutrient monitoring and reliable control, especially in recirculating systems. This review critically examines sensing principles, data acquisition, control strategies, actuation, feedback, and system integration. Electrical conductivity (EC) and pH are...
Arnab Majumder, Md Nasim Reza, Sakib Robin et al.· Italian National Conference...· 0 citations
Precision seed metering has evolved from mechanically optimized devices to sensor-based, digitally connected systems. However, research remains fragmented across metering mechanisms, sensing, data processing, communication, and control. This review examined monitoring and closed-loop control throughout the seed-deliver...
Arnab Majumder, Md Nasim Reza, Ka-Young Lee et al.· Agronomy· 0 citations
Reliable assessment of crop water stress is essential for improving irrigation efficiency for upland crop and orchard fruit production. Thermal sensing combined with the crop water stress index (CWSI) provides a non-destructive approach for characterizing plant water status; however, its performance depends strongly on...
