Arthur Charpentier

What Does a Benford Test Actually Test? Marginal Conformity, Sampling Structure, and Forensic Inference

Benford's law specifies a marginal distribution for significant digits, whereas the usual first-digit Pearson $p$-value is calibrated under an independent multinomial sampling model. We separate these statements with four constructions that share the same one-time or pooled Benford target but have different joint struc...